The winemaker (an expert at making wine) is usually in charge of all the steps of the process at a small the winery. Winemakers plan, supervise and coordinate the production of wines from selected varieties of grapes. Those working in small estates may be responsible for the whole winemaking process, from the growing of the grapes to the bottling and marketing of the finished products.

In large wineries or industrial operations, winemakers are more in charge of the technical side of the business; they may specialize in one line of wines, only one wine, or just research and development of new wines.

Tasks:

1. To discuss fruit quality and quantity with grape growers (viticulturists) throughout the growing season
2. To develop new wine styles, and improve the wine quality
3. To process grapes to make wine
4. To control fermentation, and adjust wines as needed
5. To ensure legal standards and specifications, such as the alcohol levels of the country of origin and the country of export, are met
6. To filter, bottle and package the wine for sale
7. To manage winery workers
8. To maintain winemaking equipment and machinery
9. To record procedures, blends and inventories
10. To market and sell wine

Key skills for Winemaker:

• The ability to make accurate observations, analyze and solve problems
• Communication and interpersonal skills
• Wine-related science, such as chemistry, biology and microbiology, and laboratory skills
• A superb sense of taste and smell
• Knowledge of different wine styles and varieties
• Knowledge of winery and vineyard technology
• Knowledge in hygiene and sterilisation methods

Average Salary (2013):

United Kingdom: start at about £20,000 per year
United States of America: $56,358 per year
Australia: AU$67,638 per year

Qualifications and training required:

There are no strict educational requirements for careers in wine production. A developed sense of smell and taste, as well as knowledge of grape varietals and growing regions, are essential. Aspiring winemakers can learn the various facets of the process on the job by starting as a cellar assistant. Completion of a bachelor's degree program in viticulture, enology or, in some cases, food science can provide an educational foundation necessary for work in a winery. Relevant courses include chemistry, biology, agricultural technology and sensory evaluation of wine.